How does .NET connect to databases?

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.NET connects to databases primarily using ADO.NET, an API for data access in the .NET Framework. It provides a set of classes to interact with various types of data sources such as SQL Server, MySQL, SQLite, Oracle, and others. Here's how it works at a high level:

🔌 Core Components of .NET Database Connectivity

1. Connection Object

Used to establish a connection to the database.

Example: SqlConnection for SQL Server.

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using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("your_connection_string")) {

    conn.Open();

    // Use the connection

}

2. Command Object

Executes SQL queries or stored procedures.

Example: SqlCommand.

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SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM Users", conn);

3. Data Reader / Data Adapter

Used to retrieve data.

SqlDataReader: Fast, forward-only reading of data.

SqlDataAdapter: Fills DataSet or DataTable for in-memory representation.

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SqlDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();

while (reader.Read()) {

    Console.WriteLine(reader["Username"]);

}

4. DataSet / DataTable

In-memory representations of data tables.

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SqlDataAdapter adapter = new SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM Users", conn);

DataTable table = new DataTable();

adapter.Fill(table);

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