What is Dependency Injection in .NET?
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Dependency Injection (DI) in .NET is a design pattern and technique used to achieve loose coupling between classes and their dependencies. Instead of a class creating its own dependencies, they are provided (injected) from the outside—typically by a DI container. This makes the application easier to maintain, test, and extend.
🔧 Key Concepts
Dependency: A service or object a class needs to function.
Injection: Providing the dependency from outside the class, rather than the class instantiating it.
IoC (Inversion of Control): The principle behind DI where control of object creation and lifecycle is inverted (handed over to the container).
🔄 How It Works in .NET
.NET provides built-in dependency injection via the Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection namespace.
Example:
csharp
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public interface IMessageService {
void Send(string message);
}
public class EmailService : IMessageService {
public void Send(string message) {
Console.WriteLine("Email sent: " + message);
}
}
public class NotificationManager {
private readonly IMessageService _messageService;
public NotificationManager(IMessageService messageService) {
_messageService = messageService; // Dependency injected
}
public void Notify(string message) {
_messageService.Send(message);
}
}
Registering in .NET (e.g., in Startup.cs for ASP.NET Core):
csharp
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services .Add Transient<IMessageService, EmailService>();
services.AddTransient<NotificationManager>();
✅ Benefits
Improves testability (e.g., mock dependencies in unit tests).
Promotes loose coupling.
Enhances code reusability and maintainability.
🔄 Injection Types
Constructor Injection (most common)
Property Injection
Method Injection
In summary, Dependency Injection in .NET simplifies application design by outsourcing object creation and management to a container, leading to cleaner, more testable, and maintainable code.
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